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IsoPlexis與Berkeley Lights已于2023年4月正式合并成立新公司PhenomeX。作為PhenomeX，我們將利用兩家公司在各自領(lǐng)域開拓的尖端技術(shù)充分探索每個細(xì)胞的潛能，推動功能細(xì)胞生物學(xué)邁向新紀(jì)元，以促進(jìn)人類健康的發(fā)展。

您是否對我們的新名字感到好奇？

——小編借此機(jī)會來和您分享我們名字的由來！

Q1：什么是Phenome?

Phenome，即表型組，是指一個細(xì)胞或生物體所表達(dá)的所有表型特征的集合，它是生物學(xué)中所有問題的核心。該術(shù)語最早由Davis在1949年首次使用，"我們在此建議將細(xì)胞外的、非自生部分的總和稱為表型組。表型組（phenome）是表型 （phenotype）的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)，就像基因組（genome）是基因型（genotype）的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)一樣。" [1]" role="presentation" style="display: inline-block; line-height: normal; font-size: 16px; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;">${}^{[1]}$ 。雖然Phenome這個術(shù)語已經(jīng)使用了很多年，但不同領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)家們對phenome的解讀仍稍有不同 [2−6]" role="presentation" style="display: inline-block; line-height: normal; font-size: 16px; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;">${}^{[2?6]}$ 。Life’s definition, as it stands now, is akin to a menu. It is not one thing but a series of things, a set of behaviors, a series of processes, not a single property. To be living, an organism must have the capacity to reproduce, to grow, to metabolize, to adapt to stimuli, and to maintain its internal milieu.
—Siddhartha Mukherjee“The Song of the Cell”

Q2：功能性細(xì)胞生物學(xué)將迎來怎樣的全新時代？

功能性細(xì)胞生物學(xué)的發(fā)展始于對免疫細(xì)胞的認(rèn)識和流式細(xì)胞儀的出現(xiàn)，在這場知識革新中，科學(xué)家們深入了解了T細(xì)胞的功能及其抵抗傳染病的機(jī)制 [7]" role="presentation" style="display: inline-block; line-height: normal; font-size: 16px; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;">${}^{[7]}$ 。此后，在基因組研究上的重大突破使科學(xué)家獲得了改變T細(xì)胞受體的能力，并創(chuàng)造出例如CAR-T這樣的新型療法 [8−10]" role="presentation" style="display: inline-block; line-height: normal; font-size: 16px; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;">${}^{[8?10]}$ 。隨著我們對生物理解范圍的不斷擴(kuò)大，一個新的Phenome時代已經(jīng)到來，科學(xué)家們被賦予尖端的技術(shù)去探索每個細(xì)胞的功能表型組以獲取最優(yōu)的治療策略 [11−13]" role="presentation" style="display: inline-block; line-height: normal; font-size: 16px; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;">${}^{[11?13]}$ 。

Q3: 如何直接關(guān)聯(lián)基因型和表型？

如今科學(xué)家們擁有各種實(shí)驗(yàn)手段及先進(jìn)的儀器去研究細(xì)胞基因、蛋白、表型、功能，但這些實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果往往是基于一個細(xì)胞群體并且相對獨(dú)立的。單細(xì)胞測序技術(shù)的普及使科學(xué)家對基因的研究達(dá)到了單個細(xì)胞的精度，這也使得在同一個細(xì)胞上研究從基因、蛋白、表型到功能的渴求變得空前迫切。

您的解決方案可以是：

我們的技術(shù)獨(dú)特地捕捉表型組（Phenome）的各個方面，包括基因、蛋白、表型，深入研究每個細(xì)胞的功能，為成千上萬的實(shí)驗(yàn)室提供具有突破性的生物學(xué)解決方案。PhenomeX為廣大科研人員提供單細(xì)胞功能表征平臺及單細(xì)胞蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)平臺兩大前沿技術(shù)工具，產(chǎn)品組合覆蓋從早期發(fā)現(xiàn)到臨床研究，利用全面的細(xì)胞性狀及功能信息去預(yù)測患者的反應(yīng)并為開發(fā)最優(yōu)的治療手段提供至關(guān)重要的指導(dǎo)。

我們的名字PhenomeX包括兩個部分：Phenome代表我們的技術(shù)可以研究每個細(xì)胞的表型組，了解每個細(xì)胞的完整功能。X代表我們的技術(shù)可以將成千上萬個細(xì)胞同時進(jìn)行比較，充分探索表型組的多樣性。

參考資料：

1. Davis BD (January 1949). "The Isolation of Biochemically Deficient Mutants of Bacteria by Means of Penicillin". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 35 (1): 1–10. Bibcode:1949PNAS...35....1D. doi:10.1073/pnas.35.1.1. PMC 1062948. PMID 16588845.
2. Loeffler M, Bratke T, Paulus U, Li YQ, Potten CS (May 1997). "Clonality and life cycles of intestinal crypts explained by a state dependent stochastic model of epithelial stem cell organization". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 186 (1): 41–54. Bibcode:1997JThBi.186...41L. doi:10.1006/jtbi.1996.0340. PMID 9176636.
3. Varki A, Altheide TK (December 2005). "Comparing the human and chimpanzee genomes: searching for needles in a haystack". Genome Research. 15 (12): 1746–58. doi:10.1101/gr.3737405. PMID 16339373.
4. Siebner HR, Callicott JH, Sommer T, Mattay VS (November 2009). "From the genome to the phenome and back: linking genes with human brain function and structure using genetically informed neuroimaging". Neuroscience. 164 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.09.009. PMC 3013363. PMID 19751805.
5. Furbank, Robert T.; Tester, Mark (December 2011). "Phenomics--technologies to relieve the phenotyping bottleneck". Trends in Plant Science. 16 (12): 635–644. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2011.09.005. ISSN 1878-4372. PMID 22074787.
6. Denny, Joshua C.; Ritchie, Marylyn D.; Basford, Melissa A.; Pulley, Jill M.; Bastarache, Lisa; Brown-Gentry, Kristin; Wang, Deede; Masys, Dan R.; Roden, Dan M.; Crawford, Dana C. (2010-05-01). "PheWAS: demonstrating the feasibility of a phenome-wide scan to discover gene-disease associations". Bioinformatics. 26 (9): 1205–1210. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btq126. ISSN 1367-4811. PMC 2859132. PMID 20335276.
7. Herzenberg, Leonard A., et al. “Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting.” Scientific American, vol. 234, no. 3, 1976, pp. 108–18. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/24950310.
8. Gross G, Waks T, Eshhar Z. Expression of immunoglobulin-T-cell receptor chimeric molecules as functional receptors with antibody-type specificity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Dec;86(24):10024-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.24.10024. PMID: 2513569; PMCID: PMC298636.
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